The belt conveyor is a versatile conveying system designed and manufactured by our company for continuous, high-capacity transportation of bulk or granular solid materials. Utilizing a circular conveyor belt as the load-bearing and traction component, it achieves horizontal or inclined material transfer through cyclic motion. In environmental protection and related industries, this equipment is widely employed to transport materials such as dewatered sludge, municipal solid waste, incineration ash, biomass fuels, recycled materials, and production raw materials, ensuring efficient and stable material flow across various process stages.
- Structure and Working Principle
- Core structural composition
A typical belt conveyor system mainly consists of the following components:
- Conveyor belt: The carrier of the equipment, typically composed of a core layer made of multi-layer materials (such as polyester canvas or steel wire rope) and covered with a rubber surface. Different covering rubber materials (e.g., oil-resistant, heat-resistant, or wear-resistant) can be selected based on the characteristics of the material.
- Drive mechanism: The power core consists of a motor, reducer, drive drum, and coupling. The drive drum drives the conveyor belt through friction.
- Guiding roller and bracket:
- Carrier roller: The conveyor belt supporting the loaded section and material, commonly using trough-shaped rollers to increase the conveying capacity.
- Return idler: Supports the conveyor belt during empty return.
- Tensioner roller: used to automatically correct the belt deviation.
- Tensioning device: Provides the necessary initial tension for the conveyor belt to ensure normal operation. Common types include spiral, vertical weight, and vehicle tensioning.
- Cleaning devices: Comprising a head cleaner (removing adhesive material from the conveyor belt's working surface) and a gap cleaner (clearing debris from non-working areas), designed to protect the drum and idlers.
- Loading and unloading devices: The guide chute ensures centered material loading; unloading can be performed at different points through head discharge, plow-type unloaders, or mobile unloading vehicles.
- Safety protection devices: typically include pull cord switches, misalignment switches, slip detection, and tear detection, designed to ensure operational safety.
- Working Principle
The loop conveyor belt is tightly fitted around both the drive drum and redirecting drum. Upon startup, the motor drives the drive drum via a gearbox, generating friction between the drum and belt to propel continuous circulation of the entire conveyor system and its load. Materials are evenly distributed at the loading point, then transported synchronously to the designated discharge point where they are unloaded, completing the entire conveying process.
- Transportation capacity and distance: Capable of delivering large volumes and extended single-unit transport distances, meeting the material transfer requirements for large-scale, continuous production.
- Energy consumption: With no relative motion between materials and conveyor belt, the operation resistance is relatively low, resulting in potentially lower energy consumption per unit when conveying bulk materials.
- Reliability: The structure is relatively simple, the main parts are standardized, and the operation is stable and reliable.
- Flexibility: The system supports both horizontal and inclined conveying (upward/downward), with adjustable inclination angles based on material properties and conveyor belt characteristics. The conveyor layout offers considerable adaptability.
- Environmental protection: The conveying process can be fully enclosed or equipped with rain covers, which helps reduce material scattering and dust generation.
- Main Technical Parameters
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Parameter item
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Description / Customizable range example
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tape width （B）
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Common series: 500mm, 650mm, 800mm, 1000mm, 1200mm, 1400mm, etc.
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tape speed （V）
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Common range: 0.8-2.5 m/s, selected based on material properties (lower speed for dust-prone materials, higher speed for heavy particles)
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delivery capacity （Q）
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Depending on factors such as bandwidth, data rate, material properties, and slope angle, the calculated value ranges widely, from several tons per hour to over a thousand tons per hour.
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Single-drive length (L)
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Due to limitations in tension and driving capacity, horizontal conveyance typically covers distances of 30-100 meters, with longer distances requiring additional driving points.
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maximum angle of inclination （β）
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This is related to the material and belt surface. For conveying bulk materials, the standard smooth belt generally has an angle of 18°-20°, while patterned belts or specialized high-angle belts can achieve higher angles.
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driving power
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Based on a comprehensive calculation of transportation capacity, length, lifting height, and resistance, the range spans from several kilowatts to hundreds of kilowatts.
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material of main structure
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The frame is commonly made of Q235B carbon steel (with surface anti-corrosion treatment), and stainless steel can be selected for special environments; the drum can be made of carbon steel with rubber coating/ceramic coating.
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- Typical Application Scenarios
This equipment is widely used in environmental protection and related industries, suitable for the following material conveying scenarios:
- Solid waste treatment: feeding and ash transportation in municipal solid waste incineration plant, material transfer in sorting center, and dry sludge transportation in sludge drying plant.
- Resource recycling: conveying and packing lines for scrap steel, waste paper, plastics and other recyclables.
- Water treatment sector: chemical dosing in water treatment plants and sludge transportation after dewatering.
- Industrial environmental protection facilities: limestone and ash transportation for power plant desulfurization and denitrification systems, and comprehensive utilization of waste residues in the building materials industry.
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