The Reverse Osmosis (RO) system is a high-precision water treatment solution developed through integrated design and manufacturing by our company, utilizing selective semi-permeable membranes as the core separation medium. Under pressure, this technology leverages the selective retention properties of RO membranes to remove dissolved salts, colloids, organic compounds, and microorganisms from water, achieving desalination, purification, and concentration. As a mature membrane separation technology, it provides an effective solution for producing pure water, high-purity water, as well as wastewater recycling and material concentration.
- Structure and Working Principle
- Core structural composition
A complete reverse osmosis system is a unit primarily composed of the following components:
- Pre-treatment system (critical support): This typically includes multi-media filters, activated carbon filters, precision filters, and scale inhibitor dosing systems, designed to remove suspended solids, residual chlorine, colloids, and other contaminants to meet RO membrane feedwater requirements (e.g., SDI <5).
- High-pressure pumps and energy recovery systems: These components provide the working pressure (typically 1.0-1.6 MPa) required to overcome osmotic pressure. For high-pressure systems such as seawater desalination (>5.5 MPa), energy recovery devices can be installed to reduce energy consumption.
- Membrane module and pressure vessel: Core desalination unit. The spiral wound reverse osmosis membrane elements are assembled within a fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) or stainless steel pressure vessel, arranged in specific configurations (e.g., one stage per unit, two stages per unit) to form a membrane stack.
- Chemical In-Place Cleaning (CIP) system: This system includes cleaning tanks, pumps, and pipelines, designed to perform periodic chemical cleaning of membrane modules to restore their performance.
- Instrumentation and Control System: Integrated with PLC, flowmeter, conductivity meter, and pressure sensor to enable automatic operation, monitoring, and protection.
- Working Principle
Under pressure exceeding the osmotic pressure of the solution, water molecules in the raw water permeate the reverse osmosis membrane to become fresh water (product water), while the majority of inorganic salts (including heavy metal ions), organic matter, colloids, bacteria, viruses, and other impurities are retained, forming concentrated water discharged, thereby achieving the separation of water and solutes. This process is a physical separation without phase change.
- High-efficiency desalination and broad-spectrum separation: Reverse osmosis membranes demonstrate high removal rates for divalent and multivalent ions, as well as organic compounds with molecular weights exceeding 100 Daltons, while maintaining consistently high desalination efficiency.
- Systematic integrated design: The unit is designed and supplied as a complete pre-treatment, desalination, post-treatment and control system, with high compatibility among subsystems to ensure long-term stable operation.
- High operational automation: The PLC-based control system enables automatic start/stop, low-pressure flushing, automatic discharge of water exceeding standards, and fault alarms, with straightforward daily management.
- Mature technology with broad applications: As a classic water treatment technology, it has been successfully implemented in numerous industries, with its process reliability and cost-effectiveness having been long-term validated.
- Main technical parameters
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Parameter item
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Description / Reference Range
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standard desalination rate of single membrane element
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≥ 97% – 99.7% (depending on the membrane model)
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system stability desalination rate
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≥ 95% – 98% (related to design, operation, and maintenance)
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system water recovery
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Typical design range: 50% – 80% (depending on the raw water's salinity and scaling tendency)
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on-stream pressure
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Salty water: 1.0 – 1.6 MPa; seawater: 5.5 – 8.0 MPa
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Water quality (conductivity)
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For municipal tap water (~500 μS/cm), the produced water can reach <10–30 μS/cm.
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membrane element life
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Under normal design and maintenance conditions, the typical reference period is 3–5 years (closely related to actual water quality and maintenance).
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navar
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PLC fully automatic control with touch screen human-machine interface
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- Typical Application Fields
As the core desalination process, reverse osmosis systems are widely used in fields requiring high water purity.
- Industrial pure water/ultrapure water preparation: desalination of raw water for electronics, power generation, electroplating, boiler feedwater, and related industries.
- Pharmaceutical and biological products: Preparation of water for pharmaceutical use (purified water) and water for injections.
- Food and beverage: purification of water for beverages, brewing, and dairy processing.
- Desalination of seawater and brackish water: drinking water and domestic water sources for islands, ships, and coastal areas.
- Wastewater Reuse and Resource Recovery: Municipal wastewater advanced treatment and reuse, desalination and recovery of industrial wastewater (e.g., textile dyeing and metallurgy).
- Material separation and concentration: such as juice concentration in food industry and product purification in chemical industry.
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