During the pulping process, fiber separation occurs. During bleaching and papermaking, processes such as dilution, pressing, and drying of the pulp material result in the discharge of highly concentrated wastewater, known as black water, containing a large amount of pollutants such as fibers, inorganic salts, and pigments. The washing and bleaching processes generate a significant amount of intermediate water containing high concentrations of lignin, cellulose, resinates, and other components that are difficult to biodegrade. The papermaking machine discharges wastewater containing a large amount of fibers, fillers, and sizing agents, known as white water. The characteristics of papermaking wastewater include high COD and suspended solids (SS) content, and severe coloration. The SS in papermaking wastewater