Based on different water quality treatment objectives and core reaction principles, the process route of integrated wastewater treatment equipment exhibits diversified characteristics. Among them, biological treatment processes have become mainstream due to their low cost and good environmental performance. Combined with different scenario requirements, various mature solutions have been derived:

Modern urban sewage treatment equipment has moved away from the traditional "extensive" treatment mode and is developing towards high efficiency, intelligence, and energy conservation. Its core technical features are reflected in the following aspects:

Core mechanism of carbonization intensity in improving sludge dewatering Carbonization intensity is primarily manifested through parameters such as temperature, time, and heating rate. Its positive effect on dewatering stems from the following three points: Disrupting the colloidal structure of sludge: Moderate carbonization (typically at temperatures ranging from 150-300°C) causes microbial cells in the sludge to rupture and organic matter to decompose, releasing the bound water encapsulated within. This transforms the difficult-to-remove "bound water" into easily removable "free water".

Deepening Resource Utilization: Transitioning from "wastewater treatment" to "resource recovery", equipment will not only purify wastewater but also prioritize the recovery of resources such as nitrogen and phosphorus. For instance, struvite crystallization equipment is employed to recover phosphorus from wastewater, which is then used to produce slow-release fertilizers. The treated reclaimed water is extensively utilized in industrial production, agricultural irrigation, and urban ecological replenishment, alleviating water resource pressure.

The "Smart Water Innovation Technology Exchange Meeting" was held on April 2, 2021, at the Hongkou Branch of Tongji University Science Park. It was jointly hosted by the Tongji University Smart Water Joint R&D Innovation Center and the Hongkou Branch of Tongji University Science Park. The event invited experts and professors from the School of Environmental Science and Engineering of Tongji University, as well as representatives from consulting firms, design institutes, some listed companies, and enterprises in the Tongji Hongkou Park, to conduct an in-depth discussion on the development prospects, policies, and especially technological trends of smart water during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period

The food industry encompasses numerous industries such as meat processing, aquatic product processing, dairy processing, canning, brewing, and sugar production. Consequently, the food industry utilizes a wide range of raw materials and produces a diverse array of products, resulting in significant variations in the volume and quality of wastewater discharged. Unlike other industrial wastewaters, food industry wastewater typically does not contain harmful substances such as heavy metals or pesticides, but its BOD and COD levels are generally higher. Since most of the raw materials used in the food industry are organic substances that can be digested by the human body, the biodegradability of food industry wastewater is generally good