Classification and Function Explanation of Sewage Treatment Equipment in Power Plants

The sources of wastewater in power plants are complex, including desulfurization wastewater, oily wastewater, coal containing wastewater, chemical wastewater, and domestic sewage. It is necessary to adopt the principle of "classified collection, quality treatment, and cascade utilization" according to the characteristics of water quality, and form a complete treatment system with targeted equipment. According to the processing stages, the system will sort out various core equipment and adaptation scenarios, taking into account the needs of traditional processes and zero emission upgrades. ​
1、 Pre processing stage equipment (physical/simple chemical treatment)
The core goal of this stage is to remove large suspended particles, floating debris, and oil, regulate water quality and quantity, and create conditions for subsequent deep treatment, which is the foundation for ensuring the stable operation of the entire system. ​
1. Basic equipment for solid-liquid separation
Grille cleaning machine: divided into coarse and fine grids, it intercepts floating and suspended particles such as leaves, plastics, and large particles of coal powder in sewage through grid bars, preventing blockage of subsequent pipelines, pump bodies, and treatment equipment. It is widely used in the initial treatment of various types of power plant sewage. ​
Sedimentation tank: relying on gravity to achieve natural sedimentation of suspended particles, it can be divided into horizontal flow, vertical flow, and inclined plate (pipe) sedimentation tanks according to its structure. Coal water sedimentation tanks are commonly used in coal containing wastewater treatment for preliminary separation of coal powder; Coagulants can be used in the pretreatment of desulfurization wastewater to improve solid-liquid separation efficiency. ​
Air flotation equipment: By generating tiny bubbles to adsorb oil droplets, fine suspended solids, and colloids in wastewater, they float up to the liquid surface for separation. It is suitable for the treatment of oily wastewater (such as unit bearing cooling water, lubricating oil drainage) and can remove oil droplets as small as 10 μ m. Combined with agglomeration technology, the effect is even better. ​
Ultra magnetic separation equipment: For scenarios with high concentration of suspended solids such as coal containing wastewater, the principle of magnetic adsorption is used to quickly separate small particles, with high treatment efficiency and small footprint. The effluent can be directly reused for coal transportation system flushing. ​
2. Water quality control equipment
Regulating tank (homogenization tank): equipped with water buffering and water quality homogenization functions, it can alleviate the fluctuation of power plant sewage discharge and avoid subsequent process impacts. Some oily wastewater regulating tanks are also equipped with heating/cooling systems to stabilize the water temperature within the optimal treatment range (such as around 40 ℃). ​
Neutralization device: including neutralization tank and automatic dosing system, used to adjust the pH value of acidic or alkaline wastewater. In the treatment of chemical regeneration wastewater, self neutralization through acid-base mixing or the addition of lime milk, sulfuric acid and other chemicals can be used to achieve the required acidity and alkalinity for subsequent treatment.