The core logic of integrated sewage treatment equipment is to modularize and integrate traditional decentralized sewage treatment processes, and complete efficient purification of sewage in a single device through a continuous process of "pretreatment → core biochemical reaction → precipitation separation → disinfection and purification". The overall process is centered on biological degradation, supplemented by physical separation and chemical disinfection. The specific working principle is broken down according to the process as follows: 1. Pre treatment stage: water quality and quantity balance+debris interception The sewage first enters the regulating pool/grid area of the equipment, completing two core tasks: firstly, physically intercepting suspended debris (such as plastic bags, fibers, stones, sediment, etc.) in the water through the grid (or filter), to avoid blockage of subsequent pipelines, pump bodies, and reaction components; The second is to balance the water quality and quantity through regulating the tank - due to the fluctuation of pollutant concentration and flow rate in sewage over time (such as peak discharge of domestic sewage in the morning and evening, intermittent discharge of industrial wastewater), the regulating tank can buffer this fluctuation, and at the same time, prevent suspended solids from settling by stirring with a submersible mixer, providing stable inlet conditions for subsequent biochemical reactions. If the suspended solids content in the sewage is high, some equipment will also add a primary sedimentation unit to remove some large particle impurities through gravity sedimentation, further optimizing the inlet water quality. 2. Core Biochemical Reaction Stage: Microbial Degradation of Pollutants (Core Stage) The pre treated sewage enters the biochemical reaction zone, which is a key step in pollutant removal. The reaction logic of different processes (A ²/O, MBR, SBR, etc.) may vary slightly, but the core is to use the metabolic action of microorganisms to decompose pollutants such as COD, BOD ₅, and ammonia nitrogen If the A ²/O process (anaerobic anoxic aerobic) is adopted: the sewage first enters the anaerobic tank, and microorganisms decompose the large molecular organic matter in the sewage into small molecules, while releasing phosphorus; Subsequently, it enters the anoxic tank where denitrifying bacteria convert nitrate nitrogen into nitrogen gas (denitrification) under anaerobic conditions; Finally, it enters the aerobic tank, where the aeration device continues to oxygenate. Aerobic microorganisms (growing by attaching biological fillers) completely oxidize and decompose small molecule organic matter into carbon dioxide and water, while absorbing phosphorus (phosphorus removal). If MBR process (membrane bioreactor) is adopted: sewage directly enters the aerobic tank, and the membrane components (hollow fiber membrane/flat membrane) in the tank replace the traditional secondary sedimentation tank. The aeration device provides oxygen for microorganisms on the one hand, and the generated airflow flushes the membrane surface to prevent blockage on the other hand; After the degradation of organic matter by microorganisms, the membrane module separates the mud and water, and the clear water enters the subsequent process through the membrane. Microorganisms are intercepted and continue to participate in the reaction, improving the effluent quality. If SBR process (sequencing batch activated sludge process) is adopted: the cycle of "inflow → aeration reaction (aerobic degradation) → sedimentation → drainage → idle" is completed in a single reaction tank according to the time cycle, without the need for a separate sedimentation tank. Pollution degradation and sludge water separation can be achieved through timing control, and the ability to resist impact loads is stronger. 3. Precipitation separation stage: mud water separation+sludge reflux/discharge The sewage after biochemical reaction carries a large amount of suspended sludge (containing microorganisms and undecomposed impurities) and enters the sedimentation zone (sedimentation tank): By utilizing gravity, sludge sinks to the bottom of the pool, while clean water floats on the upper layer, achieving separation of mud and water; Partially precipitated sludge is sent back to the biochemical reaction zone through a reflux pump to maintain the microbial concentration in the tank and ensure treatment efficiency; The remaining sludge (aged sludge produced by microbial metabolism) is regularly discharged and enters sludge treatment units (such as aerobic digestion tanks and sludge dewatering machines) for stabilization treatment, reducing sludge volume and secondary pollution. 4. Disinfection and purification stage: killing pathogenic microorganisms+meeting emission/reuse standards After sedimentation, the clear water enters the disinfection area and is disinfected by disinfection devices (chlorine dioxide generator, ultraviolet sterilizer, etc.) to kill pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses in the water, ensuring that the effluent meets relevant standards such as the "Pollutant Concentration Discharge Standards for Urban Sewage Treatment Plants" (GB18918-2002). If used for reclaimed water reuse (such as greening, flushing), some equipment will also add deep filtration units (such as activated carbon filtration) to further improve the effluent quality. 5. Automated control: precise control throughout the entire process The entire process is automated through a PLC control system, with sensors (liquid level, dissolved oxygen, pH, etc.) monitoring real-time parameters of each link. The controller automatically adjusts the start and stop of the lifting pump, aeration intensity, disinfectant dosage, sludge reflux rate, etc. according to preset programs, without the need for manual monitoring, while ensuring stable treatment effects.
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