The core components of the integrated sewage treatment equipment revolve around pretreatment, biochemical reactions, sedimentation separation, disinfection and purification, and auxiliary systems. Each component works together to ensure efficient sewage treatment. The specific core components and functions are as follows:
1. Preprocessing core components
Grille/filter: As the first "barrier" for sewage entering the equipment, it mainly intercepts suspended debris (such as plastic bags, fibers, stones, etc.) in the sewage to prevent subsequent pipeline and equipment blockage. It is divided into mechanical and manual grilles. Small equipment mostly uses manual cleaning grilles, while medium and large equipment is equipped with automatic backwash grilles.
Regulating tank and mixing device: The regulating tank is used to balance the water quality and quantity of sewage, avoiding the impact of water quality fluctuations on subsequent biochemical reactions; Mixing devices (such as submersible mixers) can prevent suspended solids from settling in sewage, ensure uniform water quality, and provide stable inlet conditions for subsequent treatment.
Lift pump: Lift the pre treated sewage to the subsequent biochemical treatment unit, and select the appropriate submersible pump or pipeline pump according to the equipment processing capacity and head requirements to ensure smooth flow of sewage.
2. Core components of biochemical reactions
Biological fillers/membrane components:
In equipment using contact oxidation technology, biological fillers (such as composite fillers and elastic fillers) are carriers of microorganisms. Microorganisms form biofilms on the surface of the fillers and remove organic matter such as COD and BOD from wastewater through adsorption and degradation;
In equipment using MBR technology, membrane components (hollow fiber membranes, flat membranes) replace traditional secondary sedimentation tanks to achieve sludge water separation, while intercepting microorganisms and improving effluent quality. The pore size and material of the membrane components directly affect the treatment effect and service life.
Aeration device: provides sufficient oxygen for biochemical reactions, ensuring the activity of aerobic microorganisms (suitable for aerobic tanks, contact oxidation tanks). Common types include microporous aerators, aeration discs, aeration tubes, etc. The aeration efficiency directly affects the organic matter degradation efficiency and energy consumption.
Anaerobic/anoxic tank reaction components: For denitrification and phosphorus removal processes such as A ²/O and AO, the mixing device in the anaerobic tank and the guide plate in the anoxic tank can ensure sufficient contact between sewage and microorganisms, promoting denitrification, phosphorus release and other reactions.
3. Core components for precipitation separation
Sedimentation tank and inclined pipes/plates: used for settling and separating suspended sludge and detached biofilm in water after biochemical treatment. Small equipment often uses vertical flow sedimentation tanks, while medium and large equipment can be equipped with inclined pipes/plates to improve sedimentation efficiency and reduce sedimentation tank footprint; Part of the equipment is equipped with a sludge return pump, which returns the settled sludge to the biochemical tank to maintain the microbial concentration in the tank.
4. Core components for disinfection and purification
Disinfection device: used to kill pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses in sewage, ensuring that the effluent meets the standard for discharge or reuse. Common types include chlorine dioxide generators, ultraviolet disinfectors, sodium hypochlorite disinfection devices, etc. Among them, chlorine dioxide disinfection is widely used in the treatment of domestic sewage and small and medium-sized industrial wastewater due to its high sterilization efficiency and no secondary pollution.
5. Auxiliary and control core components
Control system: composed of PLC controller, touch screen, and sensors (such as liquid level sensor, dissolved oxygen sensor, pH sensor), it realizes the automatic operation of the equipment (such as automatic start stop, aeration intensity adjustment, disinfection dose control), supports unmanned operation, and can monitor water quality and quantity parameters in real time for easy operation and maintenance management.
Sludge treatment components: such as sludge concentration tanks, sludge pumps, sludge dewatering machines (small equipment can be matched with sludge aerobic digestion tanks), used to treat residual sludge generated by sedimentation, reduce sludge volume, and lower disposal costs.
Pipelines and valves: Connect the core channels of each processing unit, including inlet pipes, outlet pipes, sludge pipes, chemical pipes, etc., with supporting solenoid valves, butterfly valves, etc., to achieve water flow switching and flow control of each unit. The sealing and corrosion resistance of valves directly affect the stability of equipment operation.
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