Mainstream process types of integrated wastewater treatment equipment

Based on different water quality treatment objectives and core reaction principles, the process route of integrated wastewater treatment equipment exhibits diversified characteristics. Among them, biological treatment processes have become mainstream due to their low cost and good environmental performance. Combined with different scenario requirements, various mature solutions have been derived:
The AO (anaerobic-oxic) process and its derivative AAO (anaerobic-anoxic-oxic) process are the most widely used biological treatment technologies in integrated equipment, primarily for treating domestic sewage and industrial wastewater with similar water quality. Their core advantages lie in their stable nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency and low operating costs.
The interior of the equipment is divided into anaerobic zone, anoxic zone (exclusive for A2/O process), aerobic zone, and sedimentation tank: the anaerobic zone decomposes macromolecular organic matter in sewage through anaerobic bacteria, releasing phosphorus; the anoxic zone utilizes denitrifying bacteria to convert nitrate nitrogen into nitrogen gas, achieving nitrogen removal; the aerobic zone provides oxygen for microorganisms through aeration, degrading organic matter while absorbing phosphorus; finally, sedimentation tank is used to separate sludge from water, with the supernatant discharged after disinfection, and part of the sludge returned to the anaerobic zone for recycling. The water quality treated by such equipment can stably meet the Class B or Class A standards of the "Emission Standards for Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant" (GB 18918-2002), and is suitable for scenarios such as rural areas, residential areas, and small industrial and mining enterprises.
The modular and convenient features of integrated wastewater treatment equipment give it an irreplaceable advantage in decentralized wastewater treatment scenarios. Its main application areas include:
Rural sewage treatment: Given the characteristics of scattered population and incomplete sewage networks in villages and small towns, the equipment can treat sewage nearby, avoiding direct discharge into rivers and soil, and contributing to the improvement of rural living environment; ​
Decentralized industrial wastewater: such as wastewater from food processing, small-scale chemical, electroplating, and other enterprises, with relatively stable water quality but small discharge volume. Integrated equipment can achieve wastewater discharge or reuse up to standard, reducing environmental risks; ​
Public service facilities: Locations such as highway service areas, railway stations, scenic spots, and camping grounds exhibit intermittent sewage discharge. Equipment can flexibly adjust its operational mode to accommodate fluctuating water quality and quantity demands; ​
Emergency wastewater treatment: In emergencies such as floods and epidemics, integrated equipment can be quickly deployed to achieve temporary wastewater treatment, preventing the spread of the epidemic and environmental pollution.